What is Lithography?
Perhaps it is because of the unusual material employed that lithography holds such fascination for artist and layman alike… a lithographic drawing is made with a grease crayon upon the surface of a block of limestone; there is no particular requirement about the drawing save that it leave a deposit of grease upon the stone. After chemical treatment with gum Arabic and nitric acid, an ink-charged roller is passed over the wet limestone. Ink is accepted by the grease image at the same time as it is repelled by the undrawn areas of the stone. A print is obtained by placing a sheet of dampened paper upon the inked stone, which sits on the bed of a lithographic press, and then running the stone, paper, and the necessary backing under the scraping pressure of said press. Lithography, then, is based upon the antipathy between grease and water; it is essentially chemical in nature; it may be considered a surface phenomenon, in that the image on the stone is neither above nor below the surface being printed.
"I desire that soon lithography shall be spread over the whole world, bringing much good to humanity through many excellent productions, and that it may work toward man's greater culture…" Senefelder, 1817 (the inventor of lithography)
Text by Jules Heller in "Printmaking Today", 1958
|